Gurpatwant Singh Pannun has become one of the most prominent names associated with the Khalistan movement, which seeks to create a separate Sikh state, independent from India. While he operates primarily from the United States, his activities and rhetoric have made him a significant figure in the eyes of the Indian government and patriots concerned about national unity. His involvement in the call for a secessionist referendum and his legal battles with India have sparked widespread debates about nationalism, sovereignty, and external interference in domestic affairs.

Here are 10 things every Bhartiya patriot should know about Gurpatwant Singh Pannun and why he remains a controversial figure in Indian politics:

1. Leader of Sikhs for Justice (SFJ)

Gurpatwant Singh Pannun is the legal advisor and one of the key leaders of Sikhs for Justice (SFJ), a U.S.-based organization that advocates for the creation of an independent Sikh state, Khalistan. The SFJ was formed in 2007 and has been at the forefront of the global campaign for Sikh self-determination, focusing on what it perceives as historical injustices against the Sikh community in India.

SFJ’s activities have raised concerns in India, particularly regarding their calls for a global referendum to create Khalistan. Under Pannun’s leadership, SFJ has increasingly turned its focus to mobilizing the Sikh diaspora in countries like the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, framing the Khalistan cause as a peaceful, democratic exercise in self-determination. However, the Indian government views SFJ’s activities as a threat to its territorial integrity and national unity.

2. Proponent of the “Referendum 2020” Campaign

One of Pannun’s most widely publicized efforts has been the “Referendum 2020” campaign, which sought to hold a non-binding global referendum among Sikhs to decide whether they want an independent Khalistan. Pannun and SFJ argued that the referendum was a legitimate way to express Sikh self-determination.

However, the Indian government strongly opposed this campaign, viewing it as a secessionist attempt to create discord within India and a destabilizing move designed to revive the Khalistan movement, which was responsible for much violence in Punjab during the 1980s and 1990s. The Indian state declared the referendum illegal, emphasizing that any call for secession undermines India’s sovereignty and security.

3. Declared a “Terrorist” by the Indian Government

In July 2020, the Indian government declared Gurpatwant Singh Pannun a “designated terrorist” under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). This designation came as part of India’s broader strategy to crack down on pro-Khalistan elements operating both within and outside the country. Alongside Pannun, several other Khalistani activists were also labeled terrorists.

The UAPA is India’s primary anti-terror law, and by branding Pannun a terrorist, the government effectively categorized him and his organization as threats to the nation. This declaration was based on charges of sedition, conspiracy, and inciting violence against the state. Pannun’s response to the designation was to dismiss the Indian government’s actions as undemocratic, though it underscored India’s stance on individuals it views as promoting secessionism.

4. SFJ Banned Under UAPA

SFJ, the organization Pannun represents, was banned by the Indian government in July 2019 under the same Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). The government accused SFJ of engaging in activities that are not only against India’s sovereignty but also potentially linked to external forces hostile to Indian interests.

The ban on SFJ followed an extensive investigation by Indian authorities, who accused the group of spreading anti-India propaganda, encouraging separatism, and being involved in the recruitment of individuals for terror-related activities in Punjab. The government also claimed that SFJ received backing from Pakistan’s intelligence agencies, adding another layer of concern regarding foreign interference.

5. Accused of Colluding with Pakistan’s ISI

One of the most significant allegations against Gurpatwant Singh Pannun is his alleged links to Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Indian intelligence agencies have claimed that Pakistan has long supported the Khalistan movement as part of its broader strategy to weaken India through proxy warfare. According to Indian officials, Pannun and SFJ have received financial and logistical backing from the ISI to push the Khalistan agenda.

Pannun has denied these accusations, claiming that his activities are peaceful and legitimate. However, Indian authorities remain convinced that Pakistan is using figures like Pannun to destabilize India by exploiting regional and religious fault lines.

6. Accused of Inciting Violence in Punjab

Indian authorities have also accused Gurpatwant Singh Pannun of inciting violence and unrest in Punjab, a state that witnessed severe insurgency in the 1980s and 1990s due to the Khalistan movement. Indian intelligence agencies claim that Pannun and SFJ are trying to revive the violent militancy that plagued the state for over a decade.

While Pannun portrays his movement as peaceful, Indian officials have linked several violent incidents, including hoisting Khalistani flags at public buildings and desecration of national symbols, to the propaganda pushed by SFJ. These actions have been interpreted by the Indian government as attempts to inflame tensions in Punjab, thereby threatening its hard-earned peace and stability.

7. Issued Multiple Non-Bailable Warrants

Due to his involvement in anti-national activities, several Indian courts have issued non-bailable warrants against Gurpatwant Singh Pannun. He faces charges of sedition, conspiracy to wage war against India, and promoting enmity between groups. Pannun, who resides in the United States, has largely ignored these warrants, maintaining that Indian courts do not have jurisdiction over him.

These warrants, while not enforceable due to Pannun’s location, reflect India’s serious legal stance against him. By issuing these warrants, India has not only legally cornered Pannun but also positioned itself to act in case of any potential extradition or international cooperation in the future.

8. Exploits Diaspora Sentiments

Pannun’s activism and separatist rhetoric are primarily aimed at the Sikh diaspora, particularly in countries like the U.S., Canada, and the U.K., where large Sikh communities reside. By leveraging historical grievances, such as the 1984 anti-Sikh riots and the operation at the Golden Temple, Pannun attempts to generate support for Khalistan among Sikhs living outside India.

The Indian government sees this as a deliberate strategy to inflame diasporic sentiments and drive a wedge between Indian Sikhs and the broader Indian state. While many Sikhs in India no longer actively support the Khalistan cause, Pannun continues to exploit emotional and political narratives abroad, urging younger Sikhs to engage with the separatist agenda.

9. Digital Campaigning and Social Media Propaganda

One of Pannun’s key tactics has been the extensive use of digital platforms and social media to spread pro-Khalistan propaganda. Through online petitions, websites, and social media campaigns, Pannun has reached a global audience, effectively using digital channels to bypass traditional media restrictions and government censorship.

The Indian government is particularly concerned about the potential for radicalization through digital means, with Pannun’s messages targeting younger generations who may not have a firsthand understanding of the historical complexities of the Khalistan movement. By framing Khalistan as a movement for human rights and self-determination, Pannun attempts to rally support among politically disillusioned youth.

10. Strained Indo-Western Diplomatic Relations

Pannun’s activities have led to diplomatic tensions between India and countries with large Sikh populations, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. India has consistently pressured these countries to take action against Pannun and other Khalistan supporters operating on their soil.

While these nations have been reluctant to act due to their legal frameworks, particularly regarding freedom of speech, Pannun’s activities have strained relations. For example, the Khalistan issue has become a recurring point of contention between India and Canada, with the Indian government expressing its displeasure over the Canadian government’s handling of Khalistani elements within its borders.

Conclusion

Gurpatwant Singh Pannun represents a deeply polarizing figure in the ongoing debate about nationalism, sovereignty, and minority rights in India. For the Indian government and many Bhartiya patriots, his activities are a direct challenge to India’s unity and security. Through his leadership in Sikhs for Justice and his advocacy for a separatist Khalistan, Pannun continues to stoke fears of renewed insurgency and external interference. While his influence is mostly confined to the Sikh diaspora, his efforts to revive separatism through digital platforms and international campaigns are seen as a grave concern by Indian authorities. For every Bhartiya patriot, understanding the nature of Pannun’s activism is critical to appreciating the broader challenges India faces in maintaining its territorial integrity and national unity.