The words “this” and “that” are commonly used in English, but their appropriate usage often confuses learners. Both are demonstrative pronouns and adjectives, which help indicate specific objects, ideas, or people in a sentence. However, their application depends on the context, proximity, and clarity of communication. In this detailed blog post, we will explore how to use “this” and “that” effectively in different situations.
1. Understanding “This” and “That”
Both words are demonstratives, but their function differs slightly:
- “This” is used to refer to something that is close to the speaker.
- “That” is used to refer to something that is farther away from the speaker.
For example:
✅ This book is interesting. (The book is near the speaker.)
✅ That building is tall. (The building is farther away.)
Now, let’s break down the different uses of “this” and “that” in various contexts.
2. Use of “This” and “That” as Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns replace nouns when the object is understood by both the speaker and the listener.
a) Referring to Objects or People
-
“This” refers to something physically near the speaker.
✅ This is my phone. (The phone is near the speaker.)
✅ Who left this on my desk? -
“That” refers to something physically distant from the speaker.
✅ That is my friend across the street.
✅ I don’t like that. (Referring to something farther away.)
b) Referring to Ideas or Situations
-
“This” can be used to refer to something that was just mentioned or is happening currently.
✅ I just heard some good news! This makes me happy. -
“That” refers to something previously mentioned or an event that is distant in time.
✅ He told me he was leaving the country. That surprised me.
3. Use of “This” and “That” as Demonstrative Adjectives
When used before a noun, “this” and “that” act as adjectives to specify which object or person we are talking about.
a) Talking About Singular Nouns
-
“This” is used for singular nouns that are near:
✅ This dress looks beautiful.
✅ I love this song. -
“That” is used for singular nouns that are far away:
✅ That car is expensive.
✅ Do you see that bird on the tree?
b) Talking About Plural Nouns
When discussing multiple objects, the plural forms “these” and “those” are used.
-
“These” (plural of “this”) is used for close objects:
✅ These apples are fresh.
✅ I love these shoes. -
“Those” (plural of “that”) is used for distant objects:
✅ Those mountains are stunning.
✅ Can you pass me those papers?
4. Using “This” and “That” in Conversation
Understanding when to use “this” and “that” can improve clarity in everyday conversations.
a) Introducing People or Things
- ✅ This is my best friend, Alex. (Used when introducing someone close.)
- ✅ That is our CEO, Mr. John. (Used when referring to someone at a distance.)
b) Making Choices
When choosing between two options:
5. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Here are some mistakes learners make while using “this” and “that”:
❌ This is the book I was talking about yesterday. (Incorrect)
✅ That is the book I was talking about yesterday. (Correct, because it refers to something mentioned previously.)
❌ Give me that pen in my hand. (Incorrect)
✅ Give me this pen in my hand. (Correct, as the pen is near.)
6. Summary Table for Quick Reference
| Usage | “This” | “That” |
|---|---|---|
| Proximity | Near the speaker | Far from the speaker |
| Singular Nouns | This apple, this chair | That house, that road |
| Plural Nouns | These books, these shoes | Those cars, those trees |
| Introducing People | This is my friend. | That is our boss. |
| Referring to Ideas | This is exciting. | That was surprising. |
Final Thoughts
Mastering the use of “this” and “that” helps in precise and effective communication. By remembering their basic differences—“this” for near and present references, “that” for distant or past references—you can avoid common mistakes and improve fluency in English.
Next time you describe an object, introduce a person, or refer to a past event, use “this” and “that” appropriately to make your sentences clearer!
Happy learning! 😊
Top 20 FAQs on the Use of “This” and “That”
Here are 20 frequently asked questions (FAQs) with detailed answers to help you understand the correct usage of “this” and “that” in English.
1. What is the basic difference between “this” and “that”?
✅ “This” refers to something close to the speaker, while “that” refers to something far from the speaker in distance or time.
2. Can “this” and “that” be used for both people and objects?
✅ Yes, but “that” is more common when referring to people indirectly. For example:
- This is my friend Alex. (Introducing someone near)
- That is our CEO, Mr. John. (Referring to someone distant)
3. What is the plural form of “this” and “that”?
✅ The plural of “this” is “these”, and the plural of “that” is “those”.
- These apples are fresh. (Close)
- Those mountains are beautiful. (Far)
4. Can “this” and “that” be used for abstract concepts?
✅ Yes, both can refer to ideas, situations, or experiences.
- This is exciting! (Current situation)
- That was a shocking news! (Past event)
5. How do “this” and “that” work in conversations?
✅ “This” is used to introduce new topics, while “that” is used to refer to something already mentioned.
- I have an idea. This will change everything.
- He apologized for his mistake. That was unexpected.
6. Can “this” and “that” be used interchangeably?
❌ No, their usage depends on proximity and context. Using the wrong one can confuse listeners.
7. When should I use “this” instead of “it”?
✅ Use “this” when introducing something new or emphasizing a point.
- This is my new phone. (New introduction)
✅ Use “it” when referring to something already known. - It is working fine.
8. How do I use “this” and “that” in writing?
✅ Use “this” for something just mentioned and “that” for something mentioned earlier.
- She explained the rules. This made everything clear.
- He lost his wallet. That was unfortunate.
9. Can “this” and “that” be used to express opinions?
✅ Yes, they are often used for emphasis in expressing thoughts.
- This is my favorite movie!
- That was the worst decision ever.
10. How do “this” and “that” work in comparisons?
✅ “This” is used for something preferred or closer, while “that” is used for the alternative.
- This dress looks better than that one.
- I prefer this coffee over that tea.
11. Is “this” used for present events and “that” for past events?
✅ Yes, typically:
- This is an amazing day! (Present)
- That was a memorable trip. (Past)
12. Can “this” and “that” be used in formal writing?
✅ Yes, but “this” and “that” should have a clear reference to avoid ambiguity in formal contexts.
13. Do “this” and “that” change meaning in different tenses?
✅ Their meaning is linked to context, but they remain demonstrative words regardless of tense.
14. How can I remember when to use “this” and “that”?
✅ A simple rule:
- This = Near (physically, emotionally, or temporally)
- That = Far (physically, emotionally, or temporally)
15. Can “this” and “that” be used for emotions?
✅ Yes!
- This makes me happy. (Current emotion)
- That was a painful experience. (Past emotion)
16. What is the difference between “this one” and “that one”?
✅ This one refers to something closer, while that one refers to something farther.
- I’ll take this one (holding an item in hand), not that one (pointing to another one).
17. Are “this” and “that” used in idioms?
✅ Yes, some examples:
- This and that (Various things) – She talked about this and that for hours.
- Not all that (Not very) – The movie wasn’t all that great.
18. Can “this” and “that” be used sarcastically?
✅ Yes!
- Oh, this is just perfect! (Actually means it’s not perfect)
- That was a smart move! (Could mean the opposite)
19. What’s the best way to practice “this” and “that”?
✅ Try describing objects around you using “this” and “that,” and use them in daily conversations!
20. What common mistakes should I avoid?
❌ This is the book I was talking about yesterday. (Incorrect)
✅ That is the book I was talking about yesterday. (Correct, because it’s from the past.)
Final Thoughts
Mastering “this” and “that” is essential for clear communication. With these FAQs, you can confidently use them in everyday speech and writing. Keep practicing, and soon it will become natural! 😊
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